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【书名】：Modeling the Meanings of Pictures: Depiction and the philosophy of language

【作者】：John Kulvicki

【年份】：2020年

【出版社】：牛津大学出版社

【简介】：图片与语义，关于语言哲学的一本有趣的著作

John Kulvicki offers an account of the many ways in which pictures can be meaningful which is inspired by the philosophy of language. Pictures are important parts of communicative acts, along with language, gesture, facial expressions, and props. They express wide ranges of thoughts, make assertions, offer warnings, instructions, and commands. Pictures are also representations. They have meanings, which help explain the range of communicative uses to which they can be put. Modelling the meanings of pictures is accounting for the ways in which pictures manage to be meaningful, with an eye toward how those meanings let us use them as we do.

By framing pictures with the philosophy of language, we acquire new perspectives on the many things we can do with them. Sometimes, pictures are used as descriptions―he looks like this!―while sometimes they are used more like singular terms―find him!, while showing a mug shot. Most picture-making cultures also have iconographies, but this is usually put to one side in discussions of pictures, if it is mentioned at all. Likewise, some uses of pictures, especially in advertising, are metaphorical, and very little has been said about metaphor in pictures. Pictures are also related in important ways to other kinds of representations like maps, and this book provides a new way of understanding what makes them alike and different. By showing that pictures are very different from languages, this book also shows that the tools developed with language in mind are not actually specific to linguistic phenomena.

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【书名】：Framing Big Data: A Linguistic and Discursive Approach

【作者】：Maria Cristina Paganoni

【年份】：2019年

【出版社】：Palgrave Pivot出版社

【简介】：This book addresses big data as a socio-technical construct with huge potential for innovation in key sectors such as healthcare, government and business. Big data and its increasingly widespread use in such influential spheres can generate ethically controversial decisions, including questions surrounding privacy, consent and accountability. This book attempts to unpack the epistemological implications of the term ‘big data’, as well as the opportunities and responsibilities which come with it. The author analyses the linguistic texture of the big data narrative in the news media, in healthcare and in EU law on data protection, in order to contribute to its understanding from the critical perspective of language studies. The result is a study which will be of interest to students and scholars working in the digital humanities, corpus linguistics, and discourse studies.

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