美国依托大学建设的世界级实验室管理

运行机制研究

——以国家实验室为例

李 霞，董 易，梁 月

（上海交通大学 资产管理与实验室处，上海                              200240）

摘 要：该文介绍了美国联邦政府资助的研发中心管理体系，分析了美国大学管理的国家实验室在管理模式、运营情况、研发经费、实验室主任、评估考核、岗位设置、员工激励等方面的管理情况，提出了我国依托大学建设国家实验室的建议，其中包括：建立国家实验室持续稳定的投入及增长机制，建立国家实验室承包运营竞争机制，建立实验室主任广泛遴选机制，建立实验室人员多样化与员工激励机制，给予国家实验室充分的自主运营权和推动国家实验室科研设施共享。

关键词：世界级实验室；国家实验室；运行机制；管理体系

中图分类号：G644         文献标识码：A      文章编号：1002-4956(2020)07-0278-07

Research on management and operation mechanism of world-class

laboratories based on university construction in U.S.A:

Case of national laboratory

LI Xia, DONG Yi, LIANG Yue

(Office of Asset and Laboratory Management, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract: This paper introduces the management system of federally funded research and development centers of the United States, and analyzes the management of national laboratories in American universities from different perspectives: management model, operation, research and development funds, laboratory directors, evaluation and assessment, post setting, employee motivation, etc. It proposes the university-based state laboratory construction and management mechanism that includes: the continuous and stable investment and growth mechanism for the national laboratory, a competitive mechanism for contracted operation of the national laboratory, laboratory director selection from a wider candidates, a mechanism of diversified incentives for laboratory personnel and staff, the higher level of self-decision making on operations as well as equipment and facility sharing.

Key words: world-class laboratories; national laboratories; operation mechanism; management system